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CULTIVATION OF READING HABIT

14 Ways to Cultivate a Lifetime Reading Habit

“To acquire the habit of reading is to construct for yourself a refuge from almost all the miseries of life.” — W. Somerset Maugham

Somewhere after “lose weight”, “stop procrastinating”, and “fall in love”, “read more” is one of the top goals that many people set for themselves. And rightly so: A good book can be hugely satisfying, can teach you about things beyond your daily horizons, and can create characters so vivid you feel as if you really know them.

If reading is a habit you’d like to get into, there are a number of ways to cultivate it.

First, realize that reading is highly enjoyable, if you have a good book. If you have a lousy book (or an extremely difficult one) and you are forcing yourself through it, it will seem like a chore. If this happens for several days in a row, consider abandoning the book and finding one that you’ll really love.

Other than that, try these tips to cultivate a lifetime reading habit:

·         Set times: You should have a few set times during every day when you’ll read for at least 5-10 minutes. These are times that you will read no matter what — triggers that happen each day. For example, make it a habit to read during breakfast and lunch (and even dinner if you eat alone). And if you also read every time you’re sitting on the can, and when you go to bed, you now have four times a day when you read for 10 minutes each — or 40 minutes a day. That’s a great start, and by itself would be an excellent daily reading habit. But there’s more you can do.

·         Always carry a book: Wherever you go, take a book with you. When I leave the house, I always make sure to have my driver’s license, my keys and my book, at a minimum. The book stays with me in the car, and I take it into the office and to appointments and pretty much everywhere I go, unless I know I definitely won’t be reading (like at a movie). If there is a time when you have to wait (like at a doctor’s office or at the DMV), whip out your book and read. Great way to pass the time.

·         Make a list: Keep a list of all the great books you want to read. You can keep this in your journal, in a pocket notebook, on your personal home page, on your personal wiki, wherever. Be sure to add to it whenever you hear about a good book, online or in person. Keep a running list, and cross out the ones you read. Tech trick: create a Gmail account for your book list, and email the address every time you hear about a good book. Now your inbox will be your reading list. When you’ve read a book, file it under “Done”. If you want, you can even reply to the message (to the same address) with notes about the book, and those will be in the same conversation thread, so now your Gmail account is your reading log too.

·         Find a quiet place: Find a place in your home where you can sit in a comfortable chair (don’t lay down unless you’re going to sleep) and curl up with a good book without interruptions. There should be no television or computer near the chair to minimize distractions, and no music or noisy family members/roommates. If you don’t have a place like this, create one.

·         Reduce television/Internet:  If you really want to read more, try cutting back on TV or Internet consumption. This may be difficult for many people. Still, every minute you reduce of Internet/TV, you could use for reading. This could create hours of book reading time.

·         Read to your kid: If you have children, you must, must read to them. Creating the reading habit in your kids is the best way to ensure they’ll be readers when they grow up … and it will help them to be successful in life as well. Find some great children’s books, and read to them. At the same time, you’re developing the reading habit in yourself … and spending some quality time with your child as well.

·         Keep a log: Similar to the reading list, this log should have not only the title and author of the books you read, but the dates you start and finish them if possible. Even better, put a note next to each with your thoughts about the book. It is extremely satisfying to go back over the log after a couple of months to see all the great books you’ve read.

·         Go to used book shops: My favorite place to go is a discount book store where I drop off all my old books (I usually take a couple of boxes of books) and get a big discount on used books I find in the store. I typically spend only a couple of dollars for a dozen or more books, so although I read a lot, books aren’t a major expense. And it is very fun to browse through the new books people have donated. Make your trip to a used book store a regular thing.

·         Have a library day: Even cheaper than a used book shop is a library, of course. Make it a weekly trip.

·         .Read fun and compelling books:  Find books that really grip you and keep you going. Even if they aren’t literary masterpieces, they make you want to read  and that’s the goal here. After you have cultivated the reading habit, you can move on to more difficult stuff, but for now, go for the fun, gripping stuff. Stephen King, John Grisham, Tom Clancy, Robert Ludlum, Nora Roberts, Sue Grafton, Dan Brown … all those popular authors are popular for a reason  they tell great stories. Other stuff you might like: Vonnegut, William Gibson, Douglas Adams, Nick Hornby, Trevanian, Ann Patchett, Terry Pratchett, Terry McMillan, F. Scott Fitzgerald. All excellent storytellers.

                                                Make it pleasurable:  Make your reading time your favorite time of day. Have some good tea or coffee while you read, or another kind of treat. Get into

ham १४ सितंबर को ही हिन्दी दिवस क्यों मनाते हैं...

हिन्दी दिवस, hindi day,hindi divas,14 september

ham १४ सितंबर को ही हिन्दी दिवस क्यों मनाते हैं...

                            हिन्दी दिवस एक बार फिर से सम्मुख है। हम हिन्दी की बात कर रहे हैं। उसको अपनाए जाने की बात कर रहे हैं। पर हिन्दी दिवस मनाते ही क्यों हैं, हिन्दी तो एक शाश्वत भाषा है उसका कोई जन्मदिवस कैसे हो सकता है। पर हमारे यहां है, जिस धरती की वह भाषा है जहां उसका विकास उद्भव हुआ वहां उसका दिवस है। और दिवस भी यों नहीं बल्कि यह दिन याद कराता है कि हिन्दी उसका दर्जा देने के लिए देश की संविधान सभा में जम कर बहस हुई। हिन्दी के पक्षधर भी हिन्दी में नहीं बल्कि अंग्रेजी में बोले।

                 संविधान सभा में हिन्दी की स्थिति को लेकर 12 सितंबर, 1949 को 4 बजे दोपहर में बहस शुरू हुई और 14 सितंबर, 1949 को दिन में समाप्त हुई। बहस के प्रारंभ होने से पहले संविधान सभा के अध्यक्ष और देश के पहले राष्ट्रपति डॉ. राजेंद्र प्रसाद ने अंग्रेज़ी में ही एक संक्षिप्त भाषण दिया। जिसका निष्कर्ष यह था कि भाषा को लेकर कोई आवेश या अपील नहीं होनी चाहिए और पूरे देश को संविधानसभा का निर्णय मान्य होना चाहिए। भाषा संबंधी अनुच्छेदों पर उन्हें लगभग तीन सौ या उससे भी अधिक संशोधन मिले। 14 सितंबर की शाम बहस के समापन के बाद भाषा संबंधी संविधान का तत्कालीन भाग 14 क और वर्तमान भाग 17, संविधान का भाग बन गया तब डॉ. राजेंद्र प्रसाद ने कहा, अंग्रेज़ी से हम निकट आए हैं, क्योंकि वह एक भाषा थी। अंग्रेज़ी के स्थान पर हमने एक भारतीय भाषा को अपनाया है। इससे अवश्य हमारे संबंध घनिष्ठ होंगे, विशेषतः इसलिए कि हमारी परंपराएँ एक ही हैं, हमारी संस्कृति एक ही है और हमारी सभ्यता में सब बातें एक ही हैं। अतएव यदि हम इस सूत्र को स्वीकार नहीं करते तो परिणाम यह होता कि या तो इस देश में बहुत-सी भाषाओं का प्रयोग होता या वे प्रांत पृथक हो जाते जो बाध्य होकर किसी भाषा विशेष को स्वीकार करना नहीं चाहते थे। हमने यथासंभव बुद्धिमानी का कार्य किया है और मुझे हर्ष है, मुझे प्रसन्नता है और मुझे आशा है कि भावी संतति इसके लिए हमारी सराहना करेगी।

इस प्रकार 14 सितंबर भारतीय इतिहास में हिन्दी दिवस के रूप में दर्ज हो गया।

(अब यह भावी संतति, यानी हम पर है कि हम हिन्दी को यह सम्मान देने के लिए उनकी सराहना करते हैं या नहीं)

    संवैधानिक स्थिति के आधार पर तो आज भी भारत की राजभाषा हिंदी है और अंग्रेज़ी सह भाषा है, लेकिन वास्तविकता क्या है यह किसी से छुपी नहीं है।

            13 सितंबर 1949 को प्रथम प्रधानमंत्री पंडित जवाहरलाल नेहरू ने भाषा संबंधि बहस में भाग लेते हुए कहा, किसी विदेशी भाषा से कोई राष्ट्र महान नहीं हो सकता। क्योंकि कोई भी विदेशी भाषा आम लोगों की भाषा नहीं हो सकती। भारत के हित में, भारत को एक शक्तिशाली राष्ट्र बनाने के हित में, ऐसा राष्ट्र बनाने के हित में जो अपनी आत्मा को पहचाने, जिसे आत्मविश्वास हो, जो संसार के साथ सहयोग कर सके, हमें हिंदी को अपनाना चाहिए।

डॉ. श्यामाप्रसाद मुखर्जी ने बहस में भाग लेते हुए हिंदी भाषा और देवनागरी का राजभाषा के रूप में समर्थन किया और भारतीय अंकों के अंतर्राष्ट्रीय अंकों को मान्यता देने के लिए अपील की। उन्होंने इस निर्णय को ऐतिहासिक बताते हुए संविधान सभा से अनुरोध किया कि वह ''इस अवसर के अनुरूप निर्णय करे और अपनी मातृभूमि में राष्ट्रीय एकता स्थापित करने में वास्तविक योग दे।'' उन्होंने कहा कि अनेकता में एकता ही भारतीय जीवन की विशेषता रही है और इसे समझौते तथा सहमति से प्राप्त करना चाहिए। उन्होंने कहा कि हम हिंदी को मुख्यतः इसलिए स्वीकार कर रहे हैं कि इस भाषा के बोलनेवालों की संख्या अन्य किसी भाषा के बोलनेवालों की संख्या से अधिक है - लगभग 32 करोड़ में से 14 करोड़ (1949 में)। उन्होंने अंतरिम काल में अंग्रेज़ी भाषा को स्वीकार करने के प्रस्ताव को भारत के लिए हितकर माना। उन्होंने अपने भाषण में इस बात पर बल दिया और कहा कि अंग्रेज़ी को हमें ''उत्तरोत्तर हटाते जाना होगा।'' साथ ही उन्होंने अंग्रेज़ी के आमूलचूल बहिष्कार का विरोध किया। उन्होंने कहा, ''स्वतंत्र भारत के लोगों के प्रतिनिधियों का कर्तव्य होगा कि वे इस संबंध में निर्णय करें कि हिंदी तथा अन्य भारतीय भाषाओं को उत्तरोत्तर किस प्रकार प्रयोग में लाया जाए और अंग्रेज़ी को किस प्रकार त्यागा जाए।

iNTRODUCTION OF BOOKS AND OTHER READING MATERIAL

INTRODUCTION OF  THE BOOK AND OTHER READING MATERIAL

                                Books play vital role in our life. It is a most adaptable invention for conveying knowledge. They arethe tools of learning and they act as the chain of communication from the older generation to theyoung. Books are considered to be the object of art, which are created through the processes ofwriting, editing, printing and binding etc. They are the material means through which the literature,ideas, viewpoints, inventions, incidents, experiences, and knowledge etc. are transmitted to thesociety. Libraries are the agencies for the acquisition, preservation, effective use and disseminationof recorded knowledge and information contained in books and other documents.

In the context of library and information science books cover all kinds of reading material in publishedform, However in recent years the term ‘book’ has been replaced by the term ‘document’ whichhas a wider connotation and covers all kind of materials including books in any form i.e. periodicals,Govt. publications, audio-visuals, slides, paintings, globes, charts, maps, microforms and machinereadable forms etc. However, the book still forms a major constituent of a library.

To call a document ‘book’ in real terms, there are UNESCO standards, which read as a book,must have at least 49 pages or more, 22 to 30-cm, height and 1.5 to 4cm.thickness only than adocument is called ‘book’ failing which a document is called’ pamphlet’ and not book.

CATEGORIES OF BOOK

Broadly the books can be categorized in the following manner.

I.General book: -

The subject matter is discussed in a general manner. The subject maybe simple exposition of a specific subject.

II.Textbook:-

It is a book of instructions developed for the students of a particular levelcourse for the particular branch of study. Accordingly it provides basic knowledge abouta particular subject in an easy and understandable language with colorful presentationand plenty of illustrations.

III.Reference book: -

Contains readymade information basically known as compilation andcompendium of various disciplines of knowledge. They are not meant for continuous readingrather these are consulted for specific piece of information. The variety of reference booksinclude dictionaries, encyclopedias, yearbooks, almanacs, biographical dictionaries,handbooks, directories, gazetteers, and atlases etc.13

So far as physical presentation and getup is concerned a book may be a single volume ormulti volume book. And on the basic of its thought contents it may be termed as ‘Treatise’,’Monograph’ or ‘Classic’ etc.

PARTS OF A BOOK:

It is important to understand the anatomy i.e. various parts of printed bookin order to recognize a well designed book in terms of its relative and practical value for readingand study by the students and teachers.

Every printed book has three distinct Parts:

a.Preliminaries also known as prelims or prels;

b.Body of book i.e. Textual matter or Text; and

c.Subsidiaries also known as End matter.

When a book is printed, the textual matter is printed first. Preliminaries and Subsidiaries are printedseparately and latter prefixed or appended to the textual matter.

PRELIMINARIES

The preliminary pages may include the following:

Announcement: If the author has more publications to his credit, the list of the same isannounced on the back of half title page.

Frontispiece: It may be a photograph, picture or an illustration relating to the theme of thebook.

Title Page: Provides information like full title of book, alternative or parallel title, if any,and Author’s/Collaborator’s name, qualifications, designation and Publisher’s details etc.

Bibliographical Note: On the back of title page information pertaining to copyright, edition,license and printer etc. is provided.

Dedication: The author may express personal affection to the fellows who inspired him towrite the book.

Foreword: Contains introduction of the subject of the book by somebody other than author.

Preface: Contains introduction of subject reflecting its scope and purpose by the author.14

Acknowledgement: The author extends thanks and courtesy to those who have helped himin preparing the book.

Table of Contents: Provides list of topics discussed in the book and shows their locations(Page Nos.).

List of Illustrations: Provides list of illustrations, plates etc. used in the book and reflectstheir position.

List of Abbreviations: List of shortened or abridged forms of words, which the author hasused in the book.

Errata or Corrigenda: List of errors discovered in Textual matter after printing.

Body of book i.e. textual matter or Text:

Readers are primarily concerned with the text of thebook. Preliminaries and subsidiaries are auxiliaries, created to offer some additional help to readersin reading the book.

Subsidiaries:

Include the following items in following order. It is not essential that each book willbe having all the various features but they are common elements found in books.

Notes:

The beginning of ‘end matters’ should provide the notes, if required, for the relevant passagesdiscussed in the book.

Appendices: After notes, appendices are provided especially for tabular information, ifrequired.

Glossary: For the highly technical subjects treated in the book, a glossary of technicalterms is provided reflecting their meanings.

Bibliography: List of books, either author has consulted or recommended for further reading.

Index: Most important, serves as systematic guide to the textual matter with exact referenceof page No.

Finis: Found in multivolume books, printed at the end of last volume.

Fly leaves: Some blank sheets of papers.

Plates and Maps: The illustrations that couldn’t be printed with the text can be providedhere.

End Papers: Opaque paper for concealing the mechanism of binding and for providingsome extra strength to covers.15

Book Jacket: To prevent the book from dust etc., garment is provided. There is, of course,an unlimited range of items which could be added to the collection of a library:

Audio Visuals:

This type of documents may either be a recording on which sound vibrations havebeen registered by mechanical or electronic means so that the sound is reproduced such as disc,rolls, tapes, (open reel to reel, cartridge and cassette), sound recording, slides, gramophone records,and sound recordings on films etc. or it may be a length of film, with and without record soundbearing a sequence of images that create the illusion of movement when projected in rapid successionsuch as film loops, cartridge, and cassettes, discs, motion pictures, video recordings and othersynchronized presentations.

Micro Forms:

Microform is a generic term for any film or paper containing text or pictorial mattertoo small to be read without magnification. Some reading equipment is therefore, required, to enlargethe micro image so that it becomes readable. Micro forms in the library collection include microfilms, micro fiche, micro card and micro print.

Games and Models:

Games and toys are increasingly being used in a school library. Theireducational value is time tested and found tremendously useful for the enhancement of vision andimagination of a child. Similarly, models are also of immense value when a teacher can not show thechildren the real thing, it can best be explained by a working model. A picture can show only onedimension of an object but a model can demonstrate the shape of a complex object, texture andinside structure where a picture cannot.

Maps, Atlas, Globes and Charts:

A map is a flat representation of a part or all of either the earthor the universe. An atlas is a document, which contains several maps, and the globes are also agreat educational help for a child as it is a spherical representation of the earth. A chart is a specialpurpose map generally used by navigators others may include celestial charts (i.e., a ‘Starmap’etc.). These documents are also extremely popular among the library clienteles.

Machine Readable Formats:

These are documents in which information is coded by methodsthat require the use of machine for processing. Examples include information stored on magnetictape, Floppies, CDs. in optical media compact discs (CDs) are latest information devices in digitalform. Now e-books and e-journals are also finding their way into libraries.

Pictures:

Pictures in a library collection may include illustrations, drawings, paintings, prints,reproduction, photographs, and technical drawings etc.Others: Other categories of documents include manuscripts, dissertations & theses, govt.documents, periodicals, pamphlets, patents, trade literature, standards & specifications, researchmonograph, bibliographies and Indexes etc.